Mobile Operating Systems

1) Symbian O S             : Nokia
2) Android                     : Google
3) iOS                            : Apple
4) RIM Blackberry OS  : RIM
5) Windows Mobile       : Microsoft
6) Palm Web OS            : HP
7) BADA                        : Samsung

Barbie Doll

First introduced at the American International Toy Fair in New York in 1959, Barbie was the product of Elliot Handler and his wife, Ruth, cofounders of Mattel, Inc. The doll was named after their daughter, Barbie. Ken, who later came on to the scene, also has significance, as he represented the couple’s son. The Barbie doll wasn’t a smash hit right out of the starting gate. But almost fifty years later the Barbie doll is one of the most successful and enduring toys on the market.

THE TEDDY BEAR

Theodore Roosevelt was an outdoorsman and a hunter, but he also loved animals. On one occasion, he was hunting with some of his aides and a group of reporters. For several days the newspapers reported that the president had failed to shoot any game and depicted this in a political cartoon. Finally, Roosevelt’s aides found a bear, which they cornered and presented to him as a trophy. However, Roosevelt felt compassion for the bear and refused to shoot it. A Brooklyn storeowner, Morris Michtom, saw the drawing of Roosevelt and the bear cub and was inspired to create a new toy. He created a little stuffed bear cub and put it in his shop window

with a sign that read ‘‘Teddy’s bear.’’ The toys were an immediate success, and Michtom founded the Ideal Novelty and Toy Co., which still exists today.

POST-IT NOTES (1977)

Go ahead and admit it—you manage some part of your life with them. It was the innovation of one 3M employee, Art Fry, who needed the impossible for his church hymnal: a note tab that would permanently adhere to the page but wouldn’t flake away either. After some snooping at his 3M workplace, he found an adhesive, developed by Dr. Spencer Silver, that allowed the form of such notes to follow his function. His problem was solved and ‘‘little Post-its’’ began to take over.

Uberrima fides

Uberrima fides (sometimes seen in its genitive form uberrimae fidei) is a Latin phrase meaning "utmost good faith" (literally, "most abundant faith"). It is the name of a legal doctrine which governs insurance contracts. This means that all parties to an insurance contract must deal in good faith, making a full declaration of all material facts in the insurance proposal. This contrasts with the legal doctrine caveat emptor (let the buyer beware). Uberrimae fidei is the motto of Lloyd's of London.

caveat venditor

Latin for “let the seller beware." For example, a manufacturer that decides to sell on credit to a company that is heavily in debt and financially shaky must consider the possibility of not being paid.

Caveat Emptor

[Latin, Let the buyer be- ware.] A warning that notifies a buyer that the goods he or she is buying are " as is," or subject to all defects.

When a sale is subject to this warning the purchaser assumes the risk that the product might be either defective or unsuitable to his or her needs.

This rule is not designed to shield sellers who engage in fraud or bad faith dealing by making false or misleading representations about the quality or condition of a particular product. It merely summarizes the concept that a purchaser must examine, judge, and test a product considered for purchase himself or herself.

The modern trend in laws protecting consumers, however, has minimized the importance of this rule. Although the buyer is still required to make a reasonable inspection of goods upon purchase, increased responsibilities have been placed upon the seller, and the doctrine of caveat venditor (Latin for "let the seller beware") has become more prevalent. Generally, there is a legal presumption that a seller makes certain warranties unless the buyer and the seller agree otherwise. One such warranty is the implied warranty of merchantability. If a person buys soap, for example, there is an implied warranty that it will clean; if a person buys skis, there is an implied warranty that they will be safe to use on the slopes.

A seller who is in the business of regularly selling a particular type of goods has still greater responsibilities in dealing with an average customer. A person purchasing antiques from an antique dealer, or jewelry from a jeweler, is justified in his or her reliance on the expertise of the seller.

If both the buyer and the seller are negotiating from equal bargaining positions, however, the doctrine of caveat emptor would apply.

VALIUM

The drug’s name is derived from Latin, meaning ‘‘to be strong and well.’’ Valium was first introduced by Roche Labs in 1963 and became popularized by Mick Jagger and the Rolling Stones as the ‘‘little yellow pill’’ that served as ‘‘mother’s little helper.’’ The mind-calming drug was the most prescribed drug in the United States during the rough-and-tumble 1970s.

THE FIRST BANK CREDIT CARD (1958)

Sears has been granting credit since about 1910. By the late 1950s, many Americans had a credit card of some kind. In 1958, however, it was Bank of America that first sold and nationally licensed the concept of a loan by using a credit card. Voila! The age of debt was born. Who could live without it today?

Laissez-faire

‘Laissez-faire’ means ‘leave to do’; a more colloquial translation might be ‘let them get on with it’. Since the late eighteenth century such phrases as ‘a laissez-faire policy’ and ‘laissez-faire economics’ have suggested a belief in the virtues of allowing individuals to pursue their interests through market transactions with minimal government interference.

However, laissez-faire in a broad sense, as opposed to the use of the phrase in particular contexts with respect to particular sections of production, is vague and its historical location elusive. Laissez-faire economics is not normally based on libertarian ethics but rather on the utilitarian calculation that absence of interference functions better than interference. But nearly all market theories are also theories of market failure and it is difficult to identify any leading economic thinker who thought that laissez-faire was the best solution to all problems. Adam Smith, for example, did not believe that unregulated markets could provide the kind of educational system which a commercial society needed.

Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/laissez-faire#ixzz1CXgS1geC

Few Economists who influenced the study of Economy most

MILTON FRIEDMAN (1912– )

Friedman won the Nobel Prize for economics and is known for his free market philosophy. He was a monetarist and be-lieved that control of the money supply was important to control the effects of inflation .But as a monetarist, he also believed that control of the money supply was the only intervention that the government should make. Friedman served as economic advisor to two presidents: Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan.

JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES (1883–1946)

A British economist, Keynes advocated intervention of government policy to control and stimulate economic conditions.Study him in an economics course and you’ll learn that he wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interests, and Money and later built a career on this topic. Perhaps his greatest line was: ‘‘In the long run we’re all dead.’’

ADAM SMITH (1723–1790)

A Scottish economist and philosopher, Smith was the author of the well-hailed The Wealth of Nations, which was published in 1776. It has been heralded as one of the most influential economic books in history and is on the reading list of many high flyers in the business community.

JOHN FORBES NASH (1928– )

Nash is a more contemporary economist. He won the 1994 Nobel Prize in economics, which he shared with two other economists. A mathematician who focused on game theory and geometry, Nash began to suffer from schizophrenia at age thirty. His ability in mathematics was exceptional, and he might well be the first Nobel Prize winner to have suffered from schizophrenia. Nash was a professor at Princeton and later at MIT. He was the subject of the 2001 movie A Beautiful Mind.

Some of the most notable names in business who did not complete college

BILL GATES (1955– ), FOUNDER OF MICROSOFT CORPORATION

He went off to Harvard University to become a high-flying attorney like his father. But when his interest and intellect turned toward computers, he dropped out of Harvard and went on to form his computer software company.

STEVEN JOBS (1955– ), FOUNDER OF APPLE COMPUTER

Jobs dropped out of Reed College in Portland, Oregon, after one semester. The bright and audacious entrepreneur had a sixth sense for what sort of technology he wanted to see and use, so he launched the Apple computing empire. The kid without a college degree became a household name and a star of the information technology hall of fame.

MICHAEL DELL (1965– ), FOUNDER OF DELL COMPUTER

After one year at the University of Texas in Austin, Dell dropped out when his part-time computer business took off. Today, Michael Dell is a colorful and dynamic speaker. He begins many of his public speaking engagements with mention of the company he started in his garage based on the concept of ‘‘build-to-order’’ technology. No degree, no problem for Michael Dell. But Dell has created big problems for other manufacturers in the PC market who now fight for market share in the arena of personal computers.

THOMAS EDISON (1847–1931), INVENTOR

Edison spent three months in school, and then was homeschooled by his mother. At the age of twelve he began his entrepreneurial ventures selling fruit, candy, and newsletters to railroad commuters. He suffered from deafness and later worked his way into a telegraph position with Western Union Telegraph. The kid with no education is now part of every American child’s education.

WALT DISNEY (1901–1966), FOUNDER OF THE DISNEY ENTERTAINMENT CONGLOMERATE

Raised on a Missouri farm, Disney took art lessons through correspondence courses and at a local museum. He was known to have had a learning disability. He later was an apprentice advertising animator after serving in the Red Cross during World War I. Armed with no formal college education but much art instruction and experience as an illustrator, he set out for Hollywood to make animated films with his older brother, Roy, in 1923. Education or not, the Disney name grew, stuck, and is known throughout the world today.

BILL GATES’S HUMBLE ABODE (MEDINA, WASHINGTON)

The 66,000 square foot elaborate complex on

five acres of land is out of the price range of the rich and famous of yesteryear as well as that of modern-day tycoons. Much of the house is built into a hill, and Gates pays about a million dollars a year in taxes on the home. It’s also a showcase for technology and gadgets in his tech-savvy theatre. It has a cornucopia of high-flying features, including a fish hatchery, an indoor-outdoor pool, two boat docks, and forty-two lineal feet of clothes-hanging space for his wife, Melinda.

Adopted Kids who went on to become Over Achiever

BILL CLINTON, 42ND PRESIDENT

Clinton was known as Billy Blythe until he was adopted at age four by Roger Clinton, his stepfather

STEVE JOBS, APPLE COMPUTER COMPANY AND PIXAR

Jobs was adopted as an infant by a machinist in northern California.

LARRY ELLISON, ORACLE CORPORATION

Ellison is an adoptee, although there aren't too many details about this

Human Mind : SPATIAL RECALL

Spatial recall involves our sense of space; important for keeping track of changes in our physical environment and orientating ourselves within it. It allows us to remember where we left our keys and parked our car.
USED FOR
•    Sense of 3-D environment
•    Remembering location of things
•    Recalling visual patterns
The brain is a very versatile organ capable of learning new skills even late in life; this includes improving the ability to remember spatial situations.

Rubik's Cube

The Rubik's Cube is a 3-D mechanical puzzle invented in 1974 by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik. Originally called the "Magic Cube", the puzzle was licensed by Rubik to be sold by Ideal Toys in 1980 and won the German Game of the Year special award for Best Puzzle that year. As of January 2009, 350 million cubes have sold worldwide making it the world's top-selling puzzle game. It is widely considered to be the world's best-selling toy.
In a classic Rubik's Cube, each of the six faces is covered by nine stickers, among six solid colours (traditionally white, red, blue, orange, green, and yellow).A pivot mechanism enables each face to turn independently, thus mixing up the colours. For the puzzle to be solved, each face must be a solid colour. Similar puzzles have now been produced with various numbers of stickers, not all of them by Rubik. The original 3×3×3 version celebrated its thirtieth anniversary in 2010.

Mathematical constant e : Called 'Twice Tolstoy' in Russia

Mathematical constant e, an irrational number (a number that cannot be expressed
as a fraction) beginning 2.718281828. The silly little detail was that
mathematicians in Russia call it ‘twice Tolstoy’, since the Russian novelist was
born in 1828.

Malthusian crisis

a Malthusian crisis is a situation in which the population in a given area has exceeded its food supply and therefore mass starvation results. This lowers the population and the cycle continues until the population and its food supply are once again in balance.
This concept was proposed by the Reverend Thomas Malthus in 1798 in his "Essay on the Principle of Population". Malthus was an English economist. 
In modern times the preservation and bulk transport of food, as well as improved agricultural methods such as fertilizers, provides improved yields and a much larger area of supply for any given population, making the existence of a crisis a matter of economics and aid.
Malthusianism is a theory in demography regarding population growth. It holds that population expands faster than food supplies. Famine will result unless steps are taken to reduce population growth.

Contradictions of the so-called Malthusian trap
The global breakdown of the so-called Malthusian trap, which predicts that rising population will lead to increased poverty, famine and even war as limited resources are spread among ever more people. Instead, famines have become increasingly rare. Wealth has been spreading so much that global poverty has been more than halved since 1990. And the recent past has seen a considerable downtick in violence: there were 24 wars going on in the world in 1984, but by 2008 that number had dropped to five.

Fields Medal : Highest recognition in the field of Mathematics

The Fields Medal, officially known as International Medal for Outstanding Discoveries in Mathematics, is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians not over 40 years of age at each International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The colloquial name is in honour of Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields, because of the contribution of his estate to the continuation of the prize. The Fields Medal is often viewed as the top honor a mathematician under 40 can receive. It comes with a monetary award, which since 2006 is C$15,000. Founded at the behest of Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields,[6] the medal was first awarded in 1936, to Finnish mathematician Lars Ahlfors and American mathematician Jesse Douglas, and has been awarded every four years since 1950. Its purpose is to give recognition and support to younger mathematical researchers who have made major contributions.