bulimia

1. An eating disorder, common especially among young women of normal or nearly normal weight, that is characterized by episodic binge eating and followed by feelings of guilt, depression, and self-condemnation. It is often associated with measures taken to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting, the use of laxatives, dieting, or fasting. Also calledbulimarexia, bulimia nervosa.

2. Excessive or insatiable appetite.

Zebibah - prayer bump

A zebibah (Arabic زبيبة zabība, "raisin"), also known as a zabiba or zebiba, is a mark on the forehead of some Muslims, apparently due to the friction generated by repeated contact of the forehead with the prayer mat during daily prayers.

Islam requires its adherents to pray five times a day (known as salat), which involves kneeling on a prayer mat and touching the ground with one's forehead. When done vigorously for extended periods of time, a prayer bump may develop. Some Muslims may consider the presence of a prayer bump to be a sign of religious dedication and piety.^[1] Some Muslims also believe that on the day of judgement, this bump will particularly fluoresce an immense white light.^[2] The bump also serves as a public demonstration of one's piety.

Origin of the word Bombay

“Bombay – a name coined by sixteenth-century Portuguese settlers who had marvelled at its bom bahi (good harbour).”

Excerpt From: Adrian, Levy. “The Siege: 68 Hours Inside the Taj Hotel.” Penguin Group US, 2013-10-28T23:00:00+00:00. iBooks.
This material may be protected by copyright.

agoraphobia

1. an abnormal fear of being in crowds, public places, or open areas, sometimes accompanied by anxiety attacks.

Act - Learn-Build-Repeat philosophy against uncertainties

●Begin by taking a small (smart) step forward. It may not be the right direction, but as the owner of a small business, you will never know if you do not try. When starting a new venture, ask potential customers what they think about each idea.

●Evaluate the feedback and see what you have learned. If potential customers have an idea about the business, listen to them. Their response is invaluable and could offer a new outlook.

●Build that learning into what you do next. Take this first-hand feedback and, if necessary, reconstruct your path. Take a step in a different direction to see what happens as you experiment with new ideas.

Commonly used Latin phrases

caveat emptor :: let the buyer beware - The purchaser is responsible for checking whether the goods suit his need. Phrases modeled on this one replace emptor with lector, subscriptor, venditor, utilitor: "reader", "signer", "seller", "user".

circa (c.) or (ca.) :: around - In the sense of "approximately" or "about". Usually used of a date.

citius altius fortius :: faster, higher, stronger - Motto of the modern Olympics.

cogito ergo sum :: I think, therefore I am. -A rationalistic argument used by French philosopher René Descartes to attempt to prove his own existence.

cui bono :: Good for whom? -- "Who benefits?" An adage in criminal investigation which suggests that considering who would benefit from an unwelcome event is likely to reveal who is responsible for that event (cf. cui prodest). Also the motto of the Crime Syndicate of America, a fictional supervillain group. The opposite is cui malo (Bad for whom?).

cum laude :: with praise -- The standard formula for academic Latin honors in the United States. Greater honors include magna cum laude and summa cum laude.

Culpa est mea :: "The fault is mine," 

Persona non grata ::"A person unwelcome," - used in diplomacy

Lapsus linguae :: "A slip of the tongue," - sometimes in newspapers.

Veni, vidi, vici :: "I came, I saw, I conquered," - the most quoted saying of Caesar

Quid pro quo :: "What for what," --a phrase that denotes an exchange

Dum spiro, spero :: "While I breathe, I hope"

Pro bono publico :: "For the public good," -- a legal case done for free - called probono

Sine Qua Non :: "Without which nothing," -- an absolute necessity

Pro Tempore :: "For the Time Being," --business, protem

Glossophobia or speech anxiety

Glossophobia or speech anxiety is the fear of public speaking or of speaking in general.^[1] The word glossophobia comes from theGreek γλῶσσα glōssa, meaning tongue, and φόβος phobos, fear or dread. Many people only have this fear, while others may also have social phobia or social anxiety disorder.

Rube Goldberg contraption

A Rube Goldberg machine, contraption, invention, device, or apparatus is a deliberately over-engineered or overdone machine that performs a very simple task in a very complex fashion, usually including a chain reaction. The expression is named after Americancartoonist and inventor Rube Goldberg (1883–1970).

LEAN - Muda , Muri , Mura

MUDA is one what we call the “3Ms” . The other two are MURI, overburden, and MURA, unevenness. Eliminating all three of these will result in efficient, rationalized production.
MUDA : Non-value added or waste
MURI : Overburden
MURA : Unevenness
MURI, or overburden, is at opposite end of the spectrum from MUDA.  MURI is pushing a machine or person beyond natural limits. Overburdening people results in safety and quality problems, and overburdening machinery is a direct cause of breakdowns and defects.
MURA, the third of the 3M’s, can be viewed as combination of the first two M’s: at times there is excess capacity and at time overburden. Such unevenness results from an irregular production schedule or fluctuating production volume.
MUDA, is an automatic result of because unevenness in production levels means that it is always necessary to have on hand enough equipment, materials and people for highest level production–no matter what the level may be at any given time.

Stockholm Syndrome- brief background

On Aug. 23, 1973 at 10:15 a.m., 32-year-old Olsson stormed into the Kreditbanken on the central Norrmalmstorg square, pulled out a sub-machine gun, and started firing into the air, while screaming "The party's starting! Everyone, face down!" He took four employees hostage, demanding 3 million Swedish crowns ($730,000) and the liberation of his friend from prison.

That criminal act, which would become a long, drawn-out standoff between Olsson and the police, marked the beginning of what American psychiatrist Franck Ochberg would define as “Stockholm syndrome,” the irrational attachment between victims and kidnappers that can develop during the course of a sequester.

Opposite of déjà vu

@UnusualFactPage: The opposite of " deja vu " is ''jamais vu'' not being able to recognize a word, person, or place that you actually know.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES AND VEINS

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES AND VEINS

Arteries	Capillaries	Veins
Away from heart	Wall only one cell thick-really thin -diffusion	Blood into heart
Mainly carry oxygenated blood	smallest blood vessel	Most carries de-oxygenated
High pressure		Lower pressure
No valves		Valves
Thick outer wall (pumps a lot more blood)		Thin outer walls
Thick inner layer of muscle and elastic fibres		Thin inner layer
Narrow central tube-small lumen(where the blood flows through)		Wide central tube -large lumen

Tinnitus

Tinnitus is a physical condition, experienced as noises or ringing in the ears or head when no such external physical noise is present. Tinnitus is usually caused by a fault in the hearing system; it is asymptom, not a disease in itself.

The word "tinnitus" means "tinkling or ringing like a bell". Latin origin; usually pronounced tinn-itus, the "i" as in "sit".

Confirmation Bias

“Confirmation bias is the tendency to see things in your environment that confirm your preconceived ideas and not see things that conflict with what you already believe.”

Excerpt From: Landay, William. “Defending Jacob.” Random House Publishing Group, 2012-01-31. iBooks.

How major companies got their name

Lego:  In 1934, Danish carpenter Ol Kirk Kristiansen, the founder of what we now know of as Lego®, asked his staff to come up with a good name for his growing toy company.  The two names that ended up being finalists were “Legio” and “Lego”.  The first was a reference to a “legion” as in a “Legion of toys”.  The second, which won out, was made from a contraction of “leg godt”, which is a Danish phrase meaning “play well”.

Interestingly, “lego” is also a Latin word meaning “to gather or collect”, which is somewhat fitting, given what their most popular product ended up later being.

Pepsi:  Pepsi or “Pepsi-Cola” was named after the digestive enzyme pepsin.  The original drink was sold as a digestive aid and health tonic.

Adidas:  This was a nickname of founder Adolf Adi Dassler- “Adi-Das…” Rudolf Rudi Dassler, his brother, also started a shoe company called Ruda, which later turned into Puma

Shia and Sunni Muslim

The argument dates back to the death in 632 of Islam’s founder, the Prophet Muhammad. Tribal Arabs who followed him were split over who should inherit what was both a political and a religious office. The majority, who would go on to become known as the Sunnis, and today make up 80% of Muslims, backed Abu Bakr, a friend of the Prophet and father of his wife Aisha. Others thought Muhammad’s kin the rightful successors. They claimed the Prophet had anointed Ali, his cousin and son-in-law—they became known as the Shia, a contraction of "shiaat Ali", the partisans of Ali. Abu Bakr’s backers won out, though Ali did briefly rule as the fourth caliph, the title given to Muhammad’s successors. Islam's split was cemented when Ali’s son Hussein was killed in 680 in Karbala (modern Iraq) by the ruling Sunni caliph’s troops. Sunni rulers continued to monopolise political power, while the Shia lived in the shadow of the state, looking instead to their imams, the first twelve of whom were descended directly from Ali, for guidance. As time went on the religious beliefs of the two groups started to diverge.

Today the world’s 1.6 billion Muslims all agree that Allah is the only God and Muhammad his messenger. They follow five ritualistic pillars of Islam, including Ramadan, the month of fasting, and share a holy book, the Koran. But while Sunnis rely heavily on the practice of the Prophet and his teachings (the “sunna”), the Shia see their ayatollahs as reflections of God on earth. This has led Sunnis to accuse Shia of heresy, while Shia point out that Sunni dogmatism has led to extremist sects such as the puritanical Wahhabis. Most Shia sects place importance on the belief that the twelfth and final imam is hidden (called "in occultation") and will reappear one day to fulfill divine will. Meanwhile, their sense of marginalisation and oppression has led to mourning ceremonies such as ashura, when followers flagellate themselves to commemorate Hussein’s death at Karbala.

Product Pricing strategy

Pricing strategy usually follows one of four tracks. Bottom up: calculate the cost of everything that goes into making the product, and add a fair margin on top. Sideways in: analyze and adopt the price of competitors' products. Top down: target a demographic or economic segment, and engineer the product to meet that price. Or dynamic: use a complex, real-time calculation to gauge supply and demand, usually with the help of an algorithm.

What you almost never hear about is a fifth track, which I call story analysis: an analysis of a product's capabilities to fulfill a profound human need, to tell a story that gives your customers' lives richer meaning. In a world of abundance, what your product does for your customers is important, but not nearly as important as what your product means to them. And this second part — the story of your product — is what yields the greatest pricing power of all.

Ockham’s razor Principle

Ockham’s razor, also spelled Occam’s razor, also called law of economy or law of parsimony,  principle stated by William of Ockham (1285–1347/49), a Scholastic, thatPluralitas non est ponenda sine necessitate, “Plurality should not be posited without necessity.” The principle gives precedence to simplicity; of two competing theories, the simpler explanation of an entity is to be preferred. The principle is also expressed as “Entities are not to be multiplied beyond necessity.”

DEADLINE - origin of the word

“It’s a funny old phrase – the deadline. Comes from the American Civil War. Refers to a line drawn around prisoners. If they crossed it, they’d be shot.”

Global Banking leaders 2013

Codd's rule of RDBMS

Also called Codd's Law, a set of 13 rules used to determine if a DBMS can be considered a relational DBMS (RDBMS). In 1985, Dr. E. F. Codd first published this list of rules that became a standard way of evaluating a relational system. The rules have since been expanded by others, and after publishing the original article Codd stated that there are no systems that will satisfy every rule. Following are Codd's original 13 rules:

• Often referred to as rule 0, this rule states that all subsequent rules are based on the notion that in order for a database to be considered relational, it must use its relational facilities exclusively to manage the database.
• 1. The Information rule: All information in an RDBMS is represented logically in just one way - by values in tables.
• 2. The Guaranteed Access rule: Each item of data in an RDBMS is guaranteed to be logically accessible by resorting to a combination of table name, primary key value, and column name.
• 3. The Systematic Treatment of Null Values rule: Null values (distinct from an empty character string or a string of blank characters and distinct from zero or any other number) are supported in a fully relational DBMS for representing missing information and inapplicable information in a systematic way, independent of the data type.
• 4. The Dynamic Online Catalog Based on the Relational Model rule: The database description is represented at the logical level in the same way as ordinary data, so that authorized users can apply the same relational language to its interrogation as they apply to the regular data.
• 5. The Comprehensive Data Sublanguage rule: A relational system may support several languages and various modes of terminal use (for example, the fill-in-blanks mode). However, there must be at least one language whose statements are expressible, per some well-defined syntax, as character strings and whose ability to support all of the following is comprehensible: data definition, view definition, data manipulation (interactive and by program), integrity constraints, and transaction boundaries (begin, commit, and rollback).
• 6. The View Updating rule: All views of the data which are theoretically updatable must be updatable in practice by the DBMS.
• 7. The High-level Insert, Update, and Delete rule: The capability of handling a base relation or a derived relation as a single operand applies not only to the retrieval of data but also to the insertion, update, and deletion of data.
• 8. The Physical Data Independence rule: Application programs and terminal activities remain logically unimpaired whenever any changes are made in either storage representations or access methods.
• 9. The Logical Data Independence rule: Application programs and terminal activities remain logically unimpaired when information preserving changes of any kind that theoretically permit unimpairment are made to the base tables.
• 10. The Integrity Independence rule: Integrity constraints must be definable in the RDBMS sub-language and stored in the system catalogue and not within individual application programs.
• 11. The Distribution Independence rule: An RDBMS has distribution independence. Distribution independence implies that users should not have to be aware of whether a database is distributed.
• 12. The Nonsubversion rule: If the database has any means of handling a single record at a time, that low-level language must not be able to subvert or avoid the integrity rules which are expressed in a higher-level language that handles multiple records at a time.

Digital laws

Moore's Law -- The observation made in 1965 by Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits had doubled every year since the integrated circuit was invented. Moore predicted that this trend would continue for the foreseeable future. In subsequent years, the pace slowed down a bit, but data density has doubled approximately every 18 months, and this is the current definition of Moore's Law, which Moore himself has blessed. Most experts, including Moore himself, expect Moore's Law to hold for at least another two decades.

Kryder's law is the storage equivalent of Moore's Law ,Seagate's vice president of research said back in 2005 that magnetic disk storage density doubles approximately every 18 months.That also means the cost of storage halves every eighteen months, enabling online services to give us more storage without charging any more for it.

Wriths law - Niklaus Wirth has, and in 1995 observed that "software is getting slower more rapidly than hardware becomes faster." Wirth's law has been invoked by, and wrongly credited to, both Google's Larry Page and Microsoft's Bill Gates.

Rule 34—"If it exists, there is porn of it. No exceptions"—is a prevalent meme that Internet pornography exists for every conceivable topic. Rule 34 is one of the best-known Internet adages in current usage.

Fitts's law (often cited as Fitts' law) is a model of human movement primarily used in human–computer interaction and ergonomics that predicts that the time required to rapidly move to a target area is a function of the distance to the target and the size of the target. Fitts's law is used to model the act of pointing, either by physically touching an object with a hand or finger, or virtually, by pointing to an object on a computer monitor using a pointing device. It was proposed by Paul Fitts in 1954.

Dinner table etiquette

Dinner etiquette

I've always been fascinated by etiquette, including which fork to use and where to put your napkin when you leave the table. It's like a little game, and it can make you feel more confident and empowered. So, here's a handy guide to eating dinner, illustrated by the fantastic Gemma Correll...

If you're a guest at a dinner party (pictured above), wait to start eating until the host or hostess takes his or her first bite (unless they absolutely insist that you start).A funny tip that my grandparents used to tell us: The way to sit in your chair is to pretend a cat is in front of you, a mouse is behind.Your wine and water glasses are to the RIGHT of your plate. Your bread plate is to the LEFT of your plate. If you remember that, you'll never drink someone's water or eat their bread again! (A genius tip from readers: To remember the order of the placesetting, think "BMW" -- for bread, then meal, then water.)Surprisingly, salt and pepper should be passed together, even if someone asks only for one. They're considered "married!"Never intercept a pass. For example, don't snag a roll out of the bread basket when it's on the way to someone else. (You'll just have to ask them to pass the basket right back!)Scoop your soup with your spoon tilted *away* from you. And surprise! It’s fine to tilt the bowl slightly away from you to get the last drop of soup. But never blow on your soup or food. Even if it’s piping hot!Always taste your food before putting on salt and pepper. It's considered rude to assume the food is under-seasoned before tasting it.Once you've picked up a utensil, it should never touch the table again. You want your utensils to rest fully on the edge of your plate. ("No oars!" gasp the experts.)When you are finished with your meal, your knife and fork should be placed on your plate diagonally from upper left to lower right (11 to 5 if you imagine your plate as a clock face). This is a secret code to the waiter (or host) that you’re finished.If you have to go to the bathroom—or if you’re getting up at the end of the meal—just put your napkin to the left of your plate, loosely folded.

Yay, that's it! Bon appetit!

P.S. And 8 etiquette tips for drinking wine...

(Illustrations by the amazing Gemma Correll for Cup of Jo)

Barrick gold corp - largest gold producer

Barrick Gold Corporation is the largest gold mining company in the world, with its headquarters in Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and four regional business units (RBU's) located in Australia, Africa, North America and South America. Barrick is currently undertaking mining and exploration projects in Papua New Guinea, the United States, Canada,Dominican Republic, Australia, Peru, Chile, Russia, South Africa, Colombia, Argentina andTanzania. For 2008, it produced 7.7 million ounces of gold at a cash cost of US $443/ounce. As of December 31, 2008 its proven and probable gold mineral reserves stand at 138.5 million ounces.

Supermoon

Dunning-Kruger effect

According to the Dunning-Kruger effect, the less you know, the more you think you know.

The Dunning-Kruger effect occurs when incompetent people not only perform a task poorly or incompetently, but lack the competence to realize their own incompetence at a task and thus consider themselves much more competent than everyone else. Put more crudely, they're too stupid to realize they're stupid.

If you have no doubts whatsoever about your brilliance, you could just be that damn good. On the other hand...

Biomimicry

Biomimicry borrows design solutions from the embedded intelligence within animals' bodies—chiefly from other species

FATCA

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) was enacted in 2010 as part of a broader effort to prevent U.S. persons investing in offshore entities from evading U.S. income tax. It requires non-U.S. entities to provide the IRS with information on their U.S. accountholders and investors and imposes 30% withholding on payments of U.S. source investment income to foreign entities that fail to comply. Implementing regulations were proposed in February 2012 and are expected to be finalized later this year. 

Dodd Frank act and Say on Pay

In 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) became law. Among several other purposes, the Dodd-Frank Act introduced ' Say on Pay'.

• Say on Pay. The rules initiated a required shareholder vote (non-binding), at least once every three years, to approve the compensation of the company’s named executive officers. This “say-on-pay” vote allows shareholders to assess pay practices and then render their “yes” or “no” votes.

Types of MURDER

It differs from place to place, but the premise is the same.  The main determiner in degrees is how much malicious intent motivated the action.

First degree is the most serious, because it indicates that a person calmly decided to kill another person, decided how to do it, and carried out their murderous plan. These are your intentional murders, especially where the killer lies in wait or plots to kill. These are typically the capital form of homicide (viz., they can result in the death penalty).

Second degree homicide is less intentional, but it is intentional nonetheless. These can include unforeseen brawls where someone pulls a weapon, where a spouse comes home to find their partner being unfaithful, or where an ordinarily peaceful person is provoked to suddenly lash out.

Third degree homicide usually includes killing that is basically unintentional but that is so negligent that society punishes it. This could include something like a driver who speeds recklessly, loses control, and kills someone else on the roadway; the driver did not intend to kill anyone and probably did not even know the victim, but he was intentionally neglecting laws that are meant to keep people safe on the roadways and caused a death through that law-breaking negligence.

Some states break down the degrees a little further. Most states also make a distinction between homicide, which is more intentional, and manslaughter, in which there is less proof of malicious intention. 

Manslaughter - you accidently killed somebody

1st Degree - Premeditation -- you planned to kill somebody

2nd Degree - You killed somebody willfully but didn't plan to do it (e.g. crime of passion)

Manslaughter - you accidently killed somebody

Negligent Homicide - you killed somebody but becuase you were an idiot. By action or inaction you allowed somebody else to get killed.

I forgot one-- Justified Homocide. -- you killed somebody in self defense.

1st Degree - Premeditation -- you planned to kill somebody

2nd Degree - You killed somebody willfully but didn't plan to do it (e.g. crime of passion)

Manslaughter - you accidently killed somebody

Negligent Homicide - you killed somebody but becuase you were an idiot. By action or inaction you allowed somebody else to get killed.

I forgot one-- Justified Homocide. -- you killed somebody in self defense.

CAPTCHA

The term "CAPTCHA" was coined in 2000 by Luis von Ahn, Manuel Blum,Nicholas J. Hopper, and John Langford (all of Carnegie Mellon University). It is anacronym based on the word "capture" and standing for "Completely AutomatedPublic Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart". Carnegie Mellon University attempted to trademark the term,^[1] but the trademark application was abandoned on 21 April 2008.

A CAPTCHA is sometimes described as a reverse Turing test, because it is administered by a machine and targeted at a human, in contrast to the standardTuring test that is typically administered by a human and targeted at a machine.

ICSD

The three ICSD are -

       Clearstream
        Euro clear
        Six sis

Inventor of Graph / Chart

Chart of the Day in 1786

William Playfair, a Scottish engineer, was the founder of graphical statistics. Besides that signature accomplishment, he was at various times in his life a banker, an accountant, a journalist, an economist, and one of the men to storm the Bastille. 

It's difficult to overstate his importance. He was the inventor of the line graph, bar chart, and the pie chart.  He also pioneered the use of timelines. You're probably familiar with his work. 

Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/important-mathematicians-modern-world-2012-7?op=1#ixzz2N8O6XlXt

Day light saving time

Why do we have it?

The idea is to save electricity because there are more hours of natural light. Studies have shown the savings to be fairly nominal—the time change leading people to switch on the lights earlier in the morning instead or cranking up the air conditioning, for example.

What is the history of daylight saving time?

Fun fact: The idea was first floated in 1784 by one Benjamin Franklin. While minister of France, hewrote the essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost of Light."

Daylight saving time, a source of confusion and mystery for many, will strike again this weekend. The idea of resetting clocks forward an hour in the spring and back an hour in the fall was first suggested by Benjamin Franklin in his essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost of Light," which was published in the Journal de Paris in April 1784.

Franklin's suggestion was largely overlooked until it was brought up again in 1907 by Englishman William Willett, who penned a pamphlet called "The Waste of Daylight." Although the British House of Commons rejected Willett's proposal to advance the clock one hour in the spring and back again in autumn in 1908, British Summer Time was introduced by the Parliament in 1916.

Many other countries change their clocks when adjusting to summer time, but the United States only began doing so towards the end of World War I in an attempt to conserve energy. The House of Representatives voted 252 to 40 to pass a law "to save daylight," with the official first daylight saving time taking place on March 15, 1918. This was initially met with much resistance, according Michael Downing, author of the book "Spring Forward: The Annual Madness of Daylight Saving Time."

Why 2 a.m.?

The time change is set for 2 a.m. because it was decided to be the least disruptive time of day. Moving time forward or back an hour at that time doesn’t change the date, which avoids confusion, and most people are asleep, or if people do work on a Sunday, it’s usually later than 2 a.m.

Brain's reaction to stress

 When we feel threatened or when something traumatic is happens to us or the people we love, the Limbic and Reptilian areas of the brain activate our automatic survival strategies of fight, flight, freeze, appease and dissociate (FFFAD).

 fight (keep arguing or fighting), flight (revert to, and hide behind) ,freeze (disengage from the argument or fight by shutting up) or appease (make nice with your adversary by simply agreeing with him) or dissociate.

Google how search works

Google Releases Interactive Infographic: “How Search Works”

• inShare257

Every wondered how Google Search works, finds pages from across the web and decides how to list them in response to a search? If so, Google’s got a new resource designed to answer questions. Called “How Search Works,” the new area announced today is an interactive infographic that explains more about the search process, including how Google deal with spam issues.

The new area was inspired by Google’s The Story Of Send, an interactive infographic that Google released last year to explain how it handles email.

“We were looking at this site [The Story Of Send], Matt Cutts [Google's chief web spam fighter] and I and others on the [search] team and thinking, ‘Why isn’t there anything like this about search in a similar format?’,” said Jake Hubert, a product manager who works with Google Search.

Hubert was quick to note that Google has had plenty of resources on this topic on its site for years, but they weren’t really in a consumer-oriented format. “How Search Works” is expressly designed for search, though a big chunk at the end is still aimed at helping publishers understand what to do if Google isn’t happy with their site.

Crawling & Indexing

The area has three parts, beginning with how Google finds web pages (by “crawling”) and stores them to make them searchable (in what can be considered a big virtual book, called the “index”):

As you explore the area, there are links and hidden “Easter Eggs” you’ll discover that reveal more information, as you hover you mouse over certain areas and click.

Ranking Pages With The Algorithm

The second part deals with how Google returns matches in response to a search, how it decides which pages from the index should be ranked tops. This is all determined by Google’s “algorithms,” which look at over 200 different types of ranking signals to decide what to show:

As with the first part, you can explore different areas of how the algorithm works to learn more:

Spam Fighting

The last part of the infographic deals with how Google fights spam:

One unique feature here is the ability to see “live spam” being removed from Google’s search results. It’s not exactly real-time, but you are shown results that have been removed often within an hour after they were dropped. Our related story has more: WATCH: Google Now Shows Live Examples Of Spam Removed From Its Search Results.

The area also includes a chart Google’s not released before, on “manual actions” over time — where Google’s human web spam fighting team has take some type of action against a site:

Also shown are “reconsideration requests” filed, when publishers ask for manual actions to be reconsidered:

 See our separate story that looks at this in more depth, Google Charts “Manual Actions” Against Spam In Search For First Time.

Search Policies

Aside from the infographic, Google’s also assembled a new guide to all its many policies that deal with search:

By the way, at our SMX West search conference next month, the “Walk A Mile In Google’s Shoes: Dealing With Tough Calls In Organic Search” session features Google search policy specialist Patrick Thomas explaining how Google makes its search policies and taking questions about them.

Overall, it’s a nice addition from Google. There are plenty of people — as well as publishers — who simply don’t know where to start, when it comes in understanding how Google search works. It’s always good to have good official sources out there. That doesn’t take away from the value of unofficial sources (like Search Engine Land), either. But it helps ensure people do have a common vocabulary and grounding in discussing search issues.